Creating a New Covenant
Study Scripture: Jeremiah 29: 10 – 14; 31: 31 – 34
Lesson
7

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Key Verse

But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel; After those days, saith the LORD, I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts; and will be their God, and they shall be my people.

Jeremiah 31:33

 

INTRODUCTION

Our lesson today is a part of what one scholar calls The Little Book of Comfort, which consists of chapters thirty through thirty three in the book of Jeremiah.  It is set inside the fifty two chapters of the book, which otherwise deals with the horrible iniquity and degeneration of the chosen people of God and the affliction determined on them by God. 

Jeremiah certainly dealt with unpleasant matters and more affliction than comfort.  His ministry was not a pleasant one, for he was called by God to spend over forty one years of his life being extremely critical of the morality of the religious leadership, from which class he came, the morality and point of view of the educated people and power brokers, and the twisted domestic and incredibly stupid foreign policies of his government. 

Everyone, friends, relatives, the public, the government, the religious leaders, resisted him and his message and the government labelled him a traitor with a treasonous message. 

His life was full of pain and suffering and he was so lonely, that he cursed his birth, and sometimes resented the terrible burden that Jehovah had placed on him.  His was substantially a message of doom.  But he did point to the light at the end of the tunnel, a light that was guaranteed by God.

 

THE IMPORTANCE OF LAW

Among those who proclaim belief in Christ, we find much ambivalence about the law of God, and many even go so far as the state that they are “dead to the law”. This attitude reflects the general position in our culture, that ever person has a right to determine what is right and what is wrong for themselves.  It is felt that any other position represents a menace to civilization. 

But when we reject the biblical commandments, which are essential for our existence, we have lost the way to diagnose our problems and way to find the cure. Let us therefore understand a few things about the Law of God. 

First, God created us in his image and likeness, and revealed to us what he is like, what we are like, and how we should behave .  The Law of God therefore is like an owner's manual, and provides the plumb line that we need.  It shows us what we have to do to be truly joyful and happy.  Understanding it transforms us, changes our attitude, and shows us how we are to live to achieve what God intended.  It therefore shows the full extent of the boundaries, so that when we cross over the line, we immediately know to retreat and return to favor with God.

Next, obedience to the commands of God establishes us and makes a redeemed community. 

It is the wonderful grace of God that redeemed us, freeing us from slavery, and when we keep the Law of God, we acknowledge that it is God's grace that saved us, that we belong to him and to each other, and that it is not our strength, ability, and might that had saved us.  We are his and therefore we do what he says.

(see Deuteronomy 4:32-40).  

Note that since God has redeemed us we have a new character, and because of that, we agree to live as he directs.  As we continue to obey him, we are changed and are continually being transformed into his image by the work of the Holy Spirit. 

We then can be described as a tree planted by the stream of water.  We constantly receive nutrition from God and are fruitful, becoming what God intended us to be. 

Psalm 1 distinguishes the man of God who delights in and loves the Law of God, marking him out from the wicked, who does not care about God or the commandments of God. 

Those who love God, believers, are different from the wicked.  

They delight in the Law of God and have a deep and abiding inward appreciation of the Law. God therefore can live with them in the Light. 

This introduces us to the next value of the Law which Jeremiah discusses in our lesson today.  This is where God graciously promised to change us, so that the Law is written on our hearts, and righteousness comes from the inside.  We love God more effectively since we are more sensitive to the Holy Spirit. 

The Law had begun on the outside but is now on the inside.  We can therefore be described as new creatures, because we have experienced the ‘New Birth’. 

It is important to be mindful of the context of all this, for many of us forget that and rewrite the Bible to suit themselves.  Gentiles, probably because of their large numbers in the church of God, and likely because of the influence of the devil, though they are called by God and have access to his revelation, in Scripture, tend to develop a strange kind of pride. The Apostle Paul, speaking in line with the teachings of the Messiah addresses this matter in Romans 9 and 11.  In Romans 9, when discussing the disobedience of his people and their special privileges, he states::

Who are the Israelites; to whom pertaineth the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of the Law, and the service of God, and the promises;

Whose are the fathers, and of whom as concerning the flesh Christ came, who is over all, God blessed for ever.  Amen.” 

In Roman 11 he warns Gentile the punishment of Israel will last for only a limited period of time, so that Gentiles will have a time to enter into the covenant.

 “ I say then, Have they stumbled that they should fall?  God forbid:

but rather through their fall salvation is, unto the Gentiles, for to provoke them to jealousy…(verse 11)

And if some of the branches be broken off, and thou, being a wild olive tree, wert graffed in among them, and with them partakest of the root and fatness of the olive tree;

Boast not against the branches. But if thou boast, thou bearest not the root, but the root thee… (verses 17-18)….

For if God spared not the natural branches, take heed lest he also spare not thee…(verse 21)

For I would not, brethren, that ye should be ignorant of this ministry, lest ye should be wise in your own conceits; that blindness in part is happened to Israel, until the fullness of the Gentiles be come in.

And so all Israel shall be saved: as it is written, There shall come out of Sion the Deliverer, and shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob:

For this is my covenant on to them, when I shall take away their sins. (verses 25-27)…

For God have concluded them all in unbelief, that he might have mercy upon all. (verse 32)” 

The new covenant that we now look at, flows out of the previous covenants, and actually forms a part of the covenants spoken of in Genesis 3 and made clear in Genesis 12. 

Jesus, the promised Jewish Messiah, could therefore say rightly in Matthew 5:17-19;

“ Think not that I am come to destroy the Law or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfill.

For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the Law, till all be fulfilled.

Whosoever therefore shall break one of these least commandments, and shall teach men so, he shall be called the least in the kingdom of heaven: but whosoever shall do and teach them, the same shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven.” 

Recognize therefore that believers are to obey God and keep his covenant as stated in Exodus 19:5.   

The commandments of God are shown in the Torah and in all the written Scriptures. They are the special revelation of God.  

The covenant is the contractual agreement to obey the Scriptures and it is not the Scripture itself.  The Scriptures contain the commandments that are to be obeyed, and teach us that there are clear and unmistakable covenants under which we can rest without fear. 

Jeremiah could therefore tell Israel and those to whom God has shown mercy (Romans 12:32-36), that God will place his Commandments or Torah in them, writing it upon their heart.  This is the new promise or covenant.  

The nation of Judah and Israel knew that they were a covenant nation, and we who believe in Jesus Christ know that we are covenant people.  

The covenants are not just about privilege.  God is committed to take good care of us even when we misbehave.  But we cannot mock and trample on the sacred covenants by refusing to please God and by not being a model and a light to humanity.

 

THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT

Our lesson is set following the reign of Jehoiakim, king of Judah and the son of Josiah.  This was a weak, vain, and godless king.  Jeremiah warned him that the nation would be destroyed if it did not repent.  

Jeremiah was then impeached for treason and put on trial by the religious and secular authorities of the nation, which included the priests and prophets.  But though faced with this very serious charge, the courageous Jeremiah did not deviate from his position, and warned the high officials at the trial again, that they should amend their ways and their doings, so that God would not carry all the evil that he had pronounced against them.  He did not fear what they could do to him. He faithfully communicated to them what God intended to do. (Jeremiah 26:10-24). 

About ten years after we find the last king of Judah, Zedekiah, on the throne.  He had been put there as a vassal king by Nebuchadnezzar.  He had been put on the throne to serve the interests of Babylon.  

By this time Daniel and much of the elite had been taken captive to Babylon. The evil king Jeconiah, the Queen, the eunuchs , the princes of Judah and Jerusalem, the carpenters, the smiths, and skilled trades-people, as well as the best military minds were taken into captivity. Judah was firmly placed under the control of Babylon.  

Still the iniquitous and rebellious leadership had not learned their lesson.  They were determined not to listen to God and his prophet. 

False prophets now challenged Jeremiah directly, proclaiming optimistic messages, that within two years God would bring back the king and exiles from captivity in Babylon and re-establish Judah as a nation.  The yoke of Babylon would be broken. 

This false prophet spoke in the Temple, spreading confusion among the people, claiming that God had given him a contradictory message to that of Jeremiah. 

This false prophet even emphasized his false prophecy by the dramatic action of taking a wooden yoke from around Jeremiah's neck and breaking it in two, affirming that God would similarly break the yoke of the king of Babylon. 

Jeremiah simply told them that he wished that Judah would be freed within two years but unfortunately he Jeremiah was telling the truth.  God would never lie. 

Jeremiah then prophesied that God would show that Hananiah was a false prophet who made the people trust in a lie, by making him die in that very year for his rebellion. Hananiah died in the seventh month of that year. (28:17) 

Jeremiah then wrote to the exiles in Babylon who had been similarly troubled by false prophets, and advise them that they would be in Babylon for a long-time.  They should settle down, accept the situation, make the best of it, even pray for Babylon and seek the welfare of Babylon.  They should stop listening to the lies of the false prophets among them and wait for God to do his work of redemption. 

We note that in times of great uncertainty people often do not know what to believe.  Everybody has an opinion.  Some want to trust the leading of their own heart, others will trust the opinions of those who want power, while still others will follow the opinion of those who they know deep down, do not wish them well.  They will trust every opinion that they hear for they suffer from itching ears. 

History has recorded the many solutions and many errors that have misled people.  

Just remember that we really need the facts, and God is the only one who knows the facts, knows what is happening, and can point the way of salvation. 

In these days of confusion and uncertainty we ought to make sure we listen to the voice of God.  Make sure we do not listen to the voices of the occult, or to the voices of the false prophets, who are telling us that their visions are coming from God.  Do not listen to the voices of the secular world that tell us that we should not follow the ways of the Bible.

God rules in the affairs of men. Listen to the laws of God. 

In our lesson text Jeremiah forcefully and insistently trumpets, that because they are a covenant people, there is hope and certainty of salvation and that freedom will come in the midst of their deepest despair and distress. 

When your oppression will be great, and your afflictions cause you to repent your disobedience and also when the seventy years of your captivity will be expired, (2Ch 36:22; Ezr 1:1; Jer 25:12; Dan 9:2).

 

THE TEXT

 

Jeremiah 29

Verse 10.   The covenant with God remains in full force. The sovereign potter is now remoulding the clay. This is an unpleasant process for the clay. 

The problem that the four thousand plus exiles in Babylon had, was just as bad as the problem with those in Judah. Satan had his false prophets in Judah, and he had his false prophets among the exiles.  The ever faithful and concerned Jeremiah heard of this and wrote a letter with the message that they will be there in Babylon for quite a while. 

In this letter to those captive in Babylon, Jeremiah continued to wrestle with the influence that the false prophets had over the people. 

The fact that the false prophets were among the captives and that their prophecies were clearly and completely untenable, may lead one to reasonably or logically conclude that the people would certainly reject the false prophets.  However Jeremiah’s continued warning indicated that the people were still susceptible to their deception.

For so says Jehovah of Hosts, the God of Israel: Do not let your prophets and your fortune-tellers in your midst deceive you, nor listen to your dreams which you dream.

For they prophesy falsely to you in My name; I have not sent them, says Jehovah.” Jer 29:8-9. 

This is a peculiar, but not uncommon situation.  The people have reached a crossroad and they had to make a decision, to either follow the truth of the word of God or the lying lips of the false prophets, who said they would never be captives. 

It may seem that when people are in an emotionally depressed state, they are more likely to be deceived, making decisions based of their circumstances or desires, rather than the word of God. 

But note that these people have had warnings from Moses about the consequences of their behaviour and how God would react, as well as extremely specific warnings from the prophet Isaiah about their coming time of trouble. 

The prophetess Huldah had pointedly told king Josiah about God's intentions, and about the future of the nation. 

Can any believer in the covenant be excused on any grounds when the prophetic witness is so clear?  Just maybe there is a lesson here for us! 

Let us remember what Jeremiah had just said –( verses 4-7), your captivity is the Lord’s doing, the Babylonians are merely God instrument of judgement.  Here is my advice to you; build new homes, farm the land, marry and have children; and pray that Babylon be at peace with its neighbours. It would certainly be detrimental for the captives if Babylon was at war with another nation. 

Of course all this point to the fact they were going to be in Babylon for quite some time.  This would mean that many of them would not live to see their beloved homeland again.  This was a highly emotional issue and their desire to be free led them to follow the dictates of the fleshly desires, and go along with false prophets again, who were now predicting deliverance within two short years. 

Again everything the false prophets had to say was in direct contradiction to the word of God – Deliverance would only come after the seventy years of Judah’s captivity was complete.  And this would also be the work of God.  (Jer 25:12, Jer 27:7, Jer 27:22; 2Ch 36:21-23; Ezr 1:1, Ezr 1:2; Dan 9:2; Zec 7:5) 

God would visit them and perform what he had before spoken.  Yahweh the covenant keeping God would bring them back to their own land. (Jer 24:6, Jer 24:7, Jer 32:42-44; Zep 2:7.) 

Jeremiah however was not the only one to bring this message of deliverance, as can be seen in the above text list.  Yahweh’s promise of a future restoration to their home should have brought great hope and joy. 

When one goes into captivity because of one's disobedience it is never easy to sing the song of the Lord in the strange land. We like the captives often find it difficult to sing the Lord’s song in a strange land. 

Many of us find ourselves in the same situation when we resist the will of God and the word of God.  We end up in situations that we certainly do not like.  This covers many more realms and situations that many of us can attest to. When we get into these situations that we do not like we often realize, sometimes sooner sometimes later, that we cannot change it. the clear word of God is as one writer puts it:

“Accept it, work for the welfare of those around you.  And wait for my time, for it will come.” 

Unfortunately, we often think that we can work ourselves out of the pickle we have placed ourselves in, we can act like Israel in Numbers chapter 14:39-45. Who after God had pronounced judgment on them for murmuring at the report of the spies, threatened to stone Moses and Aaron, and then thought that their mourning at the rebuke of God would cancel their iniquity.

This is an important text for us.  See also Joshua chapter 7. 

When we get ourselves in trouble, just remember the words of God, his promises, his attitude toward true believers, and the security true believers have in His reassuring words.  But remember also that whether we like it are not, patience is a supreme virtual in those situations.

 

Verse 11.   God reaffirms the blessings that He will give to Israel; despite the current circumstance. This is not the end, He will not leave them in captivity.  

We know that all things work together for the good of those who are the called out ones.  Even their captivity was ultimately for their good.

So says Jehovah, the God of Israel: Like these good figs, so I will acknowledge the exiles of Judah, whom I have sent out of this place into the land of the Chaldeans for their good.” Jer 24:5   

It is often difficult to see or appreciate the ultimate benefit of the unpleasant circumstance that God allows his people to go through; although for the most part, it is brought on ourselves, because of disobedience. 

God alone knows his thoughts toward us, but He has chosen to reveal them to us by his Spirit, who searches the deep things of God. 

It is then very comforting to know that the thoughts and plans that God has for our lives are good and without evil intent, plans that will ultimately bring His children to a bright and peaceful future.  

This verse stresses that there is no uncertainty in God about his people.  His thoughts always work toward the end that he has decreed. 

Though these thoughts were primarily concerning the temporal well- being and prosperity of the Jews while in Babylon, we know that through the sacrifice of the Messiah, we have been brought into the people of God, and therefore God has tender thoughts toward us also. 

The future will be significant both in a physical and a spiritual sense. The peace that we seek is reconciliation with God and deliverance from sin. 

It becomes clear that the intent of God is the salvation of his people, although at times he may have to discipline them and sometimes severely.  God has never and will never cast off his people; but will act in his sovereignty and mercy to save them. 

Note the stress on “I”. These people are assured in the name of the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel.  This means that they had better remember that he is the only true and the only powerful God, who commands the armies of heaven.  His will cannot be thwarted.  His word is sure. 

It also points out to them that they had better stand on guard against the temptations to the idolatry of Babylon.  He is the Lord of hosts.  They would be well advised to build their hopes on him, and not be deceived by false prophets or false gods.

 

Verse 12.   When the appointed time draws close, God grants us a spirit of prayer, that like Daniel, the people would begin to pray earnestly for their deliverance. 

And I set my face toward the Lord God, to seek by prayer and holy desires, with fasting, and sackcloth, and ashes. “ Dan 9:3

This prayer would be directed to the true and living God, it would be without religious display or the pagan influences that had corrupted their worship, and for which reason they were now in captivity.  

These prayers would be characterized by simplicity and sincerity; for this is the only kind of prayer that God will hear.  One commentator says –

When God designs mercy, He puts it into the hearts of His people to pray for the mercy designed. When such a spirit of prayer is poured out, it is a sure sign of coming mercy.” 

We can now see that the design of the captivity was no aimless punishment, but it was designed to force God’s people to remember their religious roots, to remember the covenant and remember their God. 

We too often set-up all kinds of idols in our lives; we are like sheep that have gone astray, we have become so entangled with sin and the things of the world, that our worship has become contaminated and unacceptable to God.  Our relationship with God has become a mere religious ritual.  God then has to take drastic measures to bring us back from the brink of disaster. 

It is often when things seem to be at their lowest level, God begins to change them. 

It is strange but when we feel a growing and tremendous pressure on us to pray, especially when we are in trouble, we should treat it as God pouring out a spirit of prayer on us.  It might very well be a good sign that he is still coming and showing mercy to us.  Let us therefore be sensitive to the leading of the Holy Spirit. When we are in trouble let us be quick to pray when we feel the urge to pray.  And let us pray fervently.  

Sometimes we feel so burdened we cannot really pray, but then let us remember that the Holy Spirit is at that time praying for us. 

When God responds by pouring out the spirit of prayer on us, let us seize the opportunity and quickly and without hesitation march on to victory.

 

Verse 13.   And you shall seek Me and find Me, when you search for Me with all your heart.”  

When one approaches God with a sincere heart, when we seek him diligently and earnestly, God will not hide from us. In fact, he will re-establish true communion with us, where grace and mercy and all the spiritual blessing may flow.  Of course a sincere heart is always accompanied by repentance.

“If they shall confess their willfulness and the willfulness of their fathers, with their sin which they sinned against Me, and that also they have walked contrary to Me, I also will walk contrary to them and will bring them into the land of their enemies. If then their uncircumcised hearts are humbled, and they then pay for their iniquity,  then I will remember My covenant with Jacob, and also My covenant with Isaac, and also My covenant with Abraham I will remember. And I will remember the land.”  Lev 26:40-42 

“And yet for all that, when they are in the land of their enemies, I will not cast them away, neither will I hate them, to destroy them utterly and to break My covenant with them. For I am Jehovah their God.  But for their sakes, I will remember the covenant of their ancestors, whom I brought forth out of the land of Egypt in the sight of the heathen, so that I might be their God. I am Jehovah.”  Lev 26:44-45 

when ye shall search for me with all your heart; which, as Calvin rightly observes, does not design perfection, but integrity and sincerity; when they draw nigh with a true heart, and call upon him in truth, and search for him with eagerness, with a hearty desire to find him, as men search for gold, and silver, and hid treasure.”

 

Verse 14.   When God’s people call on him from a sincere heart he will hear them and he promises to restore them to their rightful place.  God is a merciful God and will forgive and cleanse all those who repent and turn from their sin and turn to him.

“…and I will turn away your captivity..  This means to restore one’s prosperity. 

and I will gather you from all the nations, and from all the places where I have driven you, says Jehovah…”  

This reference seems to include far more than recalling the exiles in Babylon; it seems to encompass Jews in all parts of the world. In which case this verse may point to yet another prophecy that was to be fulfilled at a later date and the seventy year fulfillment. 

We can learn from this that knowledge of the history of the people of God is most important. In fact, history in general shows us the errors that people and nations continually make, and we can see more clearly the solutions that God has put forward. 

We also learn that God works in the affairs of men, and that even though the powerful people on earth, and the powerful men among the people of God think they can write events to suit themselves, that is not so.  God alone determines times and seasons. 

We also learn that men of God must speak the truth to the world.  Believers have a responsibility to so act and speak, that the blood of the disobedient believers as well as the blood of the unbelievers will not be on their heads. 

The truth must be spoken.  In these days of confusion and uncertainty we must point people to the voice of God, and encourage them to listen to God.  God is the only one who knows and we must call on men to listen to his word. 

Finally we must remember that God says that if we seek him and search for him we will find him. 

This also applies to unbelievers, for they too will never seek God in vain.  God will respond to their cries.  The Holy Spirit will witness to them even when we are negligent in witnessing.

 

Jeremiah 31

The New Covenant, is a concept that is quite simple to understand.  The covenant redefines our relationship to the law of God.  Under the old covenant, the law was written on tables of stone, and in effect worked externally to bring about and internal change.  But now, because of the coming and the Work of the Messiah, who has atoned fully and perfectly for the sins of men, and brought justification, the law of God would be put directly into the mind and written on the heart. 

Thus the law of God is internal.  Working from the inside, the law of God will be displayed externally as we are changed into the image of his Son. 

Note that this is made possible by the blood of the perfect, holy, and spotless Lamb of God.  God had fulfilled his promise to his people.  No member of the nation of Israel can therefore rightly argue that God has not done exactly as he has promised.  The Messiah has come and fulfilled every single prophecy which was given to mark him out.  He was born in the line of David, inheriting the right to rule through the line of Joseph, and by many signs in the power of the Holy Spirit, showed who He was. 

Therefore having completed his work on earth, and sending the gift of the Holy Spirit to those who have believed on his name and placed their faith in him, showing that they are the called of God, no more can the believer ignore the law of God, for it is really a part of him; it is always present with him and operates on his mind and emotions to bring about the change that God desires. 

It is very important to note that the law of God has not changed.  In fact the Scripture declares that the “law of the Lord is perfect converting the soul…” (Ps 19:7-11) and Jesus said that this same law will not pass away. 

A very common error made in this teaching, is linking this covenant directly to the Gentile believers as opposed to the Jews, and subtly suggesting that God has cast off the Jews.  This is clearly opposed to what the Scripture declares and has in fact laid a foundation for a number of heretical and destructive doctrines. 

The covenant blessings belong to Gentiles only in so far as they put their faith in the completed work of Christ on the cross and are grafted into the natural olive tree which are the Jews. 

The entire series of promises in this chapter are quite beautiful and encompassing.  They were of course given when the nation was in unbelief.  The promises reflect God's faithfulness to his word, in spite of the rebellion and waywardness of his people.  This shows us the quality of God's love, for this father cannot forget his Son. 

God promised to do something that his people could not do by themselves.  God is going to bring them around to him and his way, despite their many failures.  He will change the motivation of their life by putting the law inside them, so that they will respond to him in the right way. 

Of course the questions we must ask are,

If we have the law of God written on our hearts, and if we have the power to be the sons of God, why is it we keep on doing things contrary to the law of God?  Is it possible that though we say we have the law of God on our hearts, we really do not? How do we behave when we have the law of God written on our hearts?  Do we behave in a way consistent with being under this real New Covenant? 

These are important matters to consider, for it is wise to make sure that we really do belong to the new family of God, and are not in the family of the wicked.

 

Verse 31.   Here is the declaration that God will sometime in the future make a new covenant with the Jews; that is the house of Israel and the house of Judah.

The new covenant is made with literal Israel and Judah, not with the spiritual Israel, that is, believers, except secondarily, and as grafted on the stock of Israel (Rom 11:16-27). For the whole subject of the thirtieth and thirty-first chapters is the restoration of the Hebrews (Jer 30:4, Jer 30:7, Jer 30:10, Jer 30:18; Jer 31:7, Jer 31:10-11, Jer 31:23-24, Jer 31:27, Jer 31:36). With the "remnant according to the election of grace" in Israel, the new covenant has already taken effect. But with regard to the whole nation, its realization is reserved for the last days, to which Paul refers this prophecy in an abridged form (Rom 11:27).”

 

Verse 32.   God was a husband to Israel in the day that he brought them out of Egypt; his covenant with them pictured one of a marriage.  God would protect care and love his bride; Israel however committed spiritual adultery going after other gods and thus broke their covenant with God. Exo 19:5, Exo 24:6-8. 

In the Old Testament the Hebrew word berith is always thus translated. Berith is derived from a root which means “to cut,” and hence a covenant is a “cutting,” with reference to the cutting or dividing of animals into two parts, and the contracting parties passing between them, in making a covenant (Gen. 15; Jer 34:18, Jer 34:19). 

One must understand the serious nature of a covenant, breaking ones covenant could be punishable by death.  The parties passing between the divided animal really signified, that if either one was to break the covenant, that the other could slay them as they did these animals. 

The nature of this covenant with them will be much enriched and sweetened, for now the divine blessings would be superior to the blessings that came to them, when they were taken out of the land of Egypt.  

This would be because the old covenant gave them no security for their sins, and they could not sin with impunity.  Their teeth had been set on edge when they had eaten the forbidden fruit. 

Now therefore under this new covenant, they would no longer be able to live a life where sin had dominion over them.  They would no longer have to sin, offer sacrifices for the sins, and continually sin and ruin themselves.  They would no longer be in danger of spiritual adultery.  They would not break the covenant of marriage by idolatry.

 

Verse 33.   ‘After those days…’ This phrase is generally accepted to denote the time following Jesus’ earthly ministry, and the Holy Spirit is given to indwell and empower the believer. 

Without the empowerment of the Holy Spirit it is really impossible for fallen man to keep a covenant with God.  Thus it was necessary that a new covenant be made, one that is founded in the continuing grace and mercy of God and is administered by the sovereign election of God. 

Note however that the old covenant reflected the grace of God and the new covenant also reflects the grace and the mercy of God.  But now there are new circumstances for the Messiah would come and write the new testament or covenant in his blood.

One writer comments -

“The old law could be broken Jer 31:32; to remedy this God gives, not a new law, but a new power to the old law. It used to be a mere code of morals, external to man, and obeyed as a duty. In Christianity, it becomes an inner force, shaping man’s character from within.” 

This new covenant contained some great spiritual blessings.  It is not that they would be given a new law, for Christ denied that, but the law would now be written on their hearts, making it familiar to them and making them well disposed to love it and obey it with delight. 

The people of God would now be a willing people. 

The Lord of hosts will be their only God. They will now have a .   hance to really learn to know Him. Of course this is made possible by the sanctifying work of the Holy Spirit given as a gift of Messiah.

 

Verse 34.   And they shall no more teach each man his neighbor and each man his brother, saying, Know Jehovah; for they shall all know Me…”   

This is a beautiful promise concerning the ministry of the Holy Spirit to every believer, and to the future eternal state where there will be no need for the teaching ministry as we now know it.

“Beloved, now we are children of God, and it has not yet been revealed what we shall be. But we know that when He shall be revealed, we shall be like Him, for we shall see Him as He is.”   

This verse however primarily points to a time when the knowledge of the Lord will come to us directly by the internal testimony of the Holy Spirit.  It will be a time of immense blessing and possibly indicates that the image of God in man has been restored.

However, when He, the Spirit of Truth, has come, He will guide you into all truth. For He shall not speak of Himself, but whatever He hears, He shall speak. And He will announce to you things to come.” John16:13   

This verse points to the intermediate fulfillment of this prophecy, the blessings that all believing Jew and Gentile enjoy now as believers, being placed in one body. 

There will however be a time subsequent to this, when all the elect of God, from the youngest to the oldest, will know him.  One commentator says –

It shall be a time of universal light and knowledge; all shall know God in Christ, from the least to the greatest; the children shall be taught to read the New Covenant, and to understand the terms of their salvation.” 

Which is not to be understood of the outward ministry of the word; in heaven indeed there will be no need of it, nor in the New Jerusalem state; but in every period of time before it. In the first times of the Gospel, persons were appointed and qualified by Christ to be pastors and teachers; and in the latter day men shall run to and fro, and increase knowledge; besides, the saints in the present state stand in need of teaching; since they know but in part, and there is room for a growth in grace, and in the knowledge of Christ:” 

They shall not hurt nor destroy in all My holy mountain; for the earth shall be full of the knowledge of Jehovah, as the waters cover the sea.”  Is 11:9 ; Heb 2:14 

For I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sins no more…”  

Because of the covenant, God will unconditionally forgive the iniquity of the elect. This is a great manifestation of the grace of God.  As it is for us in the dispensation of the gospel, so too were the Old Testament saint saved by grace. 

In order for this to happen, God had acted not to impute their sins to them. The sins that kept the good things of God from us, will be pardoned because of the mercies of God. God’s grace will remove all obstructions.

 

CONCLUSION

Actually it appears that sometimes the troubles we experience may be blessings in disguise. 

When God redeems us, he comes and stays inside us, so that we are now in a quite simple, obviously natural, permanent relationship. 

We should, as the Holy Spirit changes us, begin to sense more and more that God is not distant, but that he is right here with us. 

We know that the Messiah has come, and that one day soon all the people of the nation of Israel that are scattered all over the world, will be brought together again and restored to their rightful place in the land of Israel. 

We also know that those of Israel that do not accept that Jesus is Messiah will as the prophet says, see him whom they pierced, and will mourn in contrition, when he returns, for they will then recognize their mistake and repent for it. 

It is however not correct for anyone to hold the point of view that Gentiles have displaced the nation of Israel, will inherit all the blessings spoken of by the prophet Jeremiah, and that Jews will be permanently excluded, simply because Israel strayed from the path many times. 

The prophet made it absolutely clear, that the Jewish people would one day have the law of God written in their hearts, that they will one day turn to their Jewish Messiah, that God has never and will never forget the covenant he made with Abraham and the patriarchs.  This is an everlasting covenant. 

It is correct however to note that through the seed of Abraham all the nations of the earth are blessed. 

The blessings brought by the seed of the woman promised in Genesis 3, as well as the promise to Abraham are everlasting promises and covenants.

To be free from the law of God is to be in bondage to sin, but to truly know God, is to have his law written in ones heart and placed in one mind. 

The law of God remains the same but now works from the inside out, and is administered by the Holy Spirit.  It is the new covenant that gives us the assurance of eternal salvation. 

 So brethren let us not forsake the law of God.